After spending some time making changes to the controller settings I decided to do a factory reset to clear out some of the experimental settings and dial it in slowly. Unfortunately there is no reset button so I reached out to QS and they sent to me some screen shots of the factory settings.
Category: xj600e
New colour-way (w/video)
Testing a new some new animation features in Twin motion. Trying a new colour-way too, because I can. Always best to visualise a variety of ideas. Liking the hi-vis green and tan/cork leather.
Just xj600e renders
Been trying hard to suck at something new again… and have finally worked out the correct buttons to push to improve the quality of some of my visualisation skills on my #xj600e Have moved from UE5 to Twinmotion. Finding it amazing to work with new programs.
Design Freeze 01
Okay, I think this project has reached a design freeze. Or at least a freeze until all is printed out and it has passed the DVLA MSVA (Motorcycle Single Vehicle Approval). The last task was to cover cables that route from the lower battery box to the controller at the top of the frame with…
Panel dry-fit
K — Think I’m getting close now. Still needs electronic mods but this is the first time i have been able to see the whole bikes form. To be honest I have seen in in VR and on screen a million times but it was good to see it in the flesh. Noticed that I…
Lower front covers
Think I have finally finished a mock set of the covers with the last assembly for the lower front of the motorcycle. Excluding the cable collar the the set has 5 pieces. There are some minor modifications to the front duct set that feeds the charger with fresh air to displace heat build-up. This is…
… colours?
I think my obsession with detail and fiddly bits is getting out of control. Out of all the bits printed for my electric motorcycle so far, this is my favourite design & part. Just a plain old cable collar (about 150mm in length) that holds the front and rear panels together, keeps them on the…
Battery cover panels
Managed to find some time to do some B-surface CAD and knock out some more panels to test fit. I suffered some issues with the printer which was eventually fixed after I had printed most of the job. I’d used the z-hop to make the printing more reliable but this cause ringing which is why…
Colour break
I have been making slow progress on top panels of the xj600e. After putting together some draft surfaces I decided to try out the colour breaks on half a front panel I have proposed so far. Works very well to make the top set look less long and imposing. I think this is defo the…
B-Surfacing
#Garagelife – I have an all new respect for modellers that do B-Surface work. I have to admit that I have learnt so much about surfacing plastics working on the draft panels of my xj600e case study build in Alias. No draft angles because it is about low volume rapid production but working to tolerances when…
Voltage Aesthetic
Engine & Tank vs’ Battery/Controller & Motor For a while I have been okay with the controller cover. However lazy I am, I feel the need to try something different because it is starting to look just like a ICE bike with a fuel tank. I’m sure this is inoffensive but some exploration can’t hurt….
Light visor
Taking a rest from the seat I decided to have a look at another part of the bike. I have been searching for an option for the lighting. I have taken a couple of bench marks and have even bought some items to make some physical comparisons. One design direction that I have been attracted…
Seat mock-up for upholstery v2
Have had a rethink about the seat. Needed to check it with rads… because I really want to find an upholsterer that can get clear rads as close to the 5mm used on the CAD model. I also placed the central line in the model to check that. Actually does a lot to reduce the…
Seat mock-up for upholstery
Originally I was going to make a foam mock-up of the seat as in CAD. However, I thought it would be a bit more accurate as an RP mock-up that matched the CAD model as a hard reference for the upholsterers foam. There was a strange 30mm correction to make. Which leads me to think…
Benchmark: Headlights & Flyscreens
Headlights Flyscreens
Wheel covers (v2 angled) installed
Over the Christmas hols I managed to print out the angled v2 wheel covers. spent a bit of time prepping the surfaces so they match the wheel. Think the look okay. I have a couple of fitment issues but nothing that effects the performance, just tweaks. Oh well, on to the next thing! Maybe try…
Wheel covers (v2 angled)
The first version (v1) of the wheel covers had flat side. The geometry was adequate on v1. However the original design visualised an angled conical cover, so amendments need to me made to v1. On v2 print time has increased from 2hrs to 6hrs. But maybe some volume reductions in the void created by the…
Back-top panel fitment
The print of the first part went surprisingly well. Fitment was good on the frame to my relief. I had to make pre-planned cuts to the controller cover. Plus, I needed to make changes to the seat pan to pull the surface that interacts with the panels back to give some clearance for the upholstery…
1st split panel
Back to the print… First split panel has been detailed with preliminary locator & fixing points. Yes, I need to get a load more completed. But, so chuffed to get the first one out of CAD and into the 3D printer. After looking at the model and the new part I think the only additional…
Control panel v2 installed
Long time no post. Have recently replaced the brake cables, one was too short and was twisted, think it effected brakes. Also managed to change the handlebars to the white set pictured in renderings. I have installed the v2 control panel that will accommodate the covering covers for the bike and now holds the contactor….
Switch panel v2 & cover
Have finally printed out a solid version of the switch panel and cover. Looks okay for a first bash but would like to make some amendments to some parts to increase the quality. All new part fi together perfectly. Need to find a rubber strip about 1-2mm thick to place in the channel where the…
Security
I have decided to take some measures to give the bike a small level of security by locking up the activation switches. I have designed a cam lock into the switch cover. Quite simple really and there is enough purchase at the back of the new switch panel to hold the lever securely. Ultimately this…
Details…
I think I finally feel happy with the main surfaces of the covers. However, there is a fair distance to travel still until it is ready to print unfortunately. Parts still need to be designed for functions such as airflow, movability, and fixing. First task of late has been airflow. The old design had heat…
Surface update
Have worked on some surface updates that include a load of details that aren’t so visible but are needed to make printable parts that fit to the frame securely. The surfaces are still WIP so still a shed load to finish. Main area to date have been the formation of : – The new blistered…
New 48v contactor
I have decided to consider using a new 48v contactor. The current coil in the contactor is rate 12-36v… so it is being stressed because the Kelly Controller asks that the contactor be connected through the 48v battery. So to amend this moving forward I have a more appropriate 48v connector that will take 200amps….
Seat Pan
Have been working on the Seat pan. Originally I was going to RP the pan, but after a bit of experimentation I decided that it wasn’t strong enough to take a serious amount of abuse from my buttocks. Instead I cut and shaped some 2mm aluminium then redesigned the holder to fix onto the plate….
WIP lights
Finally got lights connected to the handlebar switches… after having to acquire an homologated headlight. Still a query on the rear amber lights might need to move them further back. TBH, I mainly made this post because I like making GIFs
CT-22 display on XJ600e
CT-22 display is working… Great. There are still issues with the battery indicator. I fear that this might be due to the negative running though the BMS not directly to the battery. will eventually get this sorted out, and if that doesn’t work crying for five minutes before further diagnostics will be my a viable…
Not pretty, but she’s a running
So, the basic powertrain of the battery, BMS, controller and the motor have been completed, or as much as they can be for now, and….. xj600e is alive and running under at full power of 100ah (charge socket works too). I am happy to see it finally work TBH. I had a couple of issues…
Insulation
Feeling paranoid that I am placing batteries in metal cases I have decided to insulate the inside of all the metal boxes. Even though the voltage cable connection points are covered with rubber boots and no metal is exposed the inside of the controller (pictured) has been coated with heat resistant high temperature polyimide tape…
Power cable–ing
Spent some time power cable–ing. I have managed to route the 12v, hall sensor cables, and power cables after making a new gland bracket to hold the V/W/U motor cables. Need to do some tests before firing it up. The last test used 48v on the connector. It should use 12v, technically, so I will…
Wiring (interim)
Have finally started the wiring and installation. Realistically I need to make sure all is working in situe before going for a final installation and metalwork treatment. Progress is slow due to time restraints, but happening. My main concern is ensuring I make the correct connections first time to avoid damage to components and to…
1st charge
Uprated the cables to 35mm2 to start testing the battery. In this first charge I pushed the state of charge (SOC) from 25% to 50%, took about 1hrs 13mins. Indicates that a full charge may be just under 5hrs. Also using this 25% charge suggests a 100AH full capacity. In general, happy charging is working….
Top panel breaks
I have started to think about how to supports and breaks on the top panels in 300mm chunks. Although I’m still at very early days I thought it will be sensible to make the controller cover made from aluminium the main structural component of this assembly. The top, side, front and rear replacement panel pinning…
Cover redesign
3 issues that seem important at the moment: Access to the control panel – Currently thinking of a hatch over the control panel that hinges from the front (pivot point arrowed in red). Potentially this could be locked. Air flow to the bottom of the controller – Marked in green thinking that it would be…
Switch panel
Need to start mounting some of the components that are just hanging around at the moment. I have put something together in CAD quickly and spent a bit of time with the printer. Have tried a new material rPETG that has a substantially higher temperature and water resistance and has excellent ductile strength making it…
ANT BMS configuration
Plans for BMS installation below. B-, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B11, B12, B+ 12+2=14 wire ANT documentation was complete or easy to find but found a manual that seems consitant and aligns with a previous post on nissan leaf and wiring here. Below a quick reminder why a Battery…
Contactor
1Kohm/10W resistor that straddles the main contact to pre-charge and protect the controller on voltage in-rush is needed on this contactor, without this the contactor poles would spark & arc. A 200V/3A diode is also needed across the coil to suppress the high voltage spike that will happen when disconnecting the power. Both these components…
Battery BMS stuff
I have quickly realised that the triumph of 1st wheel motion is momentary. Next on the list of things to complete is the battery BMS so I can charge the battery. I have no mains power supply so this is important to do quiickley so I can keep the wheel spinning. The Nissan leaf busbar…
Tuning #1
Have spent the evening calibrating the 8kw QS V3 motor. Out of the box the motor was a but rough because the controller and the motor are not from the same supplier this is normal apparently. Watching the hub motor robotically rotate with beeps and jerks as it Identifies the angles of motor using the…
1st motion
Finally got the QS hub motor moving with temporary wiring. I encountered a couple of issues here and there but luckily I managed to reach out to a Mr. Powell in the US that has a leaf cell / Kelly controller set-up that is similar to my own and hey presto, the hub finally lives….
Wiring…
Okay, time to make a start on the cable loom for XJ600e, finally. Bit of a boring post but an important one because once all is sound with the wiring then finally the panel design can start with the assurement that the packaging for the powertrain is concrete. This means less changes to the final…
Isolator carriage v2 printed
I know I should be used to it by now (after all I see it happens all the time in University and in the design industry) but it still amazes me that I can print designs into reality that only exist on a computer. Anyway, I managed to push out a rough print overnight to…
Isolator carriage v2
Have made some changes to v1 design of the isolator carriage. A bit more cable management and some amendments to the BMS to ensure the charge input cables are orriended correctly, etc. Need to print the design to double check it maybe get some advise of the management of the cables. Currently the high and…
Isolator carriage v1
Having had some small issues with dimensional accuracy I have finally started to get some results on the bigger prints and I am finding new uses for the printer. Originally I planned to stick the BMS, charger, and precharger components onto a thin board with 3M double sided tape to isolate it from the batteries….
300mm cuts
Have started to think about the opportunity to 3D print panels rather than metal form them. The more I think about it the more it makes sense. Plastic doesn’t conduct electricity, useful trait on an electric bike… and the production will be easier for my CAD skillset. Having had the printer for a while I…
First 3D print
After 23 hrs (I sped up the printer) the rear battery panel is complete. it fits the main case like a glove. However the top case cover needs some amendment. As the print is probably more accurate than the metal bend. I will use it to finally shape the metal cover. As for my virgin…
3D additive prototyping
To help the prototyping phase move along more fluently I have acquired a 3D printer. It was useful to use a print shop but costly. Working sheerly on cost and the fact that 3D printers are so cheap nowadays it is more economical to make plastic parts myself. I have more control concerning quick changes…
Rear battery box cover v2
I have spent an evening making some changes to the design of the original battery box to give better clearance for the cables I originally planned to through the bottom of the box because that is where the BMS used to be but now that it is better placed above the battery amendments need to…
Mock under bracket
Interesting to see the growing form of the battery as a whole with the under bracket mocked up in card. All seems to be good. The contactor can be easily removed and replaced and when in position both the contactor and the DCDC convertor clearance is good. On issue is the cable routing. The high…
Underside mounts & protection
Started to think of mounting points for the lower covers and extra protection for the contactor and DC/DC convertor components under the battery case. Decided to combine them. thinking it needs to be quite strong so some folded 3mm alu will make for easy fabricate but maintain strength. The extra thickness should make the mounting…
Batteries home
After over twelve months of storage in the excellent temperature controlled facilities of C-ALPs the cells have come home. COVID19 is such a pain. Many thanks to Dr. Curnick for all his help with these cells, he balanced them and all are set to 30% SOP (State Of Power) — Perfect! Next to insulate the…
Step back and see…
Great light today, thought it word be a good opportunity to take a step back and have a look at the old bike to observe it from a distance. Being stuck in the garage I’m often working up close and never get to see how it looks from a ‘normal’ street level perspective. Social media…
Shiny lines
I have some shiny new stainless steel custom brake hoses from OHA motorsport. I know this because that is what it says on the bag — useful sticker. Fitment seems good in general. There is a bit of slack in the rear line. It was ordered with extra length because there are still questions about…
Lights behind
The 3D print is delivered, LED strip installed and bolted to the frame. Works well, slightly worried about the suspension travel now but will have to run it over some heavy ground before final seat design to see how much actual movement there is in the rear swingarm. Worst comes to worst I turn it…
Rear light holder v1
Have had to put together a holder that bolts to the inside of the seat hoop to locate the rear brake/indicator light strip quickly. Original thought was to cut the metal seat hoop and insert the LED strip inside. But for the sake of getting the electric assembly together for the pilot build I’ll 3D…
New cable spec
Having had a quick chat with electric loom specialist Chris Yip and EV guru Ian Goodman I have changed the cable spec on the bike to accommodate peak draw (max 200A) and future proof the loom it for future battery development. Originally the cable size was specified at 16mm2 , but this has been increased…
Low res scans
Have been unhappy with the exchange between 3D CAS (Computer Aided Styling) and mock fabrication for a while. Very much so to the extent that it has caused me to be overly cautious in preceding to cutting a metal pattern. A solution to that has been to scan amendments that have been made in card….
Riser turned
Spend a but of time visualising the old model further to inspect the design at a higher resolution in motion. Looks interesting. Feel that there are some odd areas that need further resolving, but the self critique is good for progress. Still batting back and forth between cafe and riser, but leaning toward riser —…
Top cover [front]
Filled in the gap between the forks and the top panel. A colour contrast has been made between the two areas. I would like to make several front areas that reflect different function eventually. I.E. storage, extra functions, etc. But for the moment the simple vents that will let airflow under the controller, to avoid…
Fly screen
Started to look at fly screens. I mocked up a first stab in card. based on the CAS design, feel like it could do with some development though in terms of surface development. After seeing the bike naked for so long I feel that I could do with a smaller version. One that is a…
Final sub-frame laser patterns
Finally finished some lasercut patterns. A couple of changes were made. Only subtle one such as the sub-frame section that holds the type 2 socket is now separated from the main body to make assembly easier. Also, have cut side walls to be replaced by polymer sheets to save weight. Have sent to machinist, should…
Rise(r)… again
To experiment I have mounted some new riser bars that were lower than my 3-4 inch risers. I originally went back to cafe racer bars after planing to use risers because although the rise improved the seating comfort they looked too high, kinda felt like a chopper. However, after trying a couple of bikes that…
Mock controller subframe v.5
A finally think i have a final part and pattern to lasercut for the controller subframe. versions 3 and 4 had minor tweeks and changes. however the latest revision is modelled to 1.5mm thickness steel. and covers the controller better while still allowing the wires to run out of the controller pics and pattern below….
Mock controller subframe v.2
Having experimented with the first version obvious flaws were identified in the design of the controller subframe. First, it was slightly dimensionally inaccurate because it was lashed together. Secondly, it was unstable where it fixed to the controller, after a certain amount of yanking around the thin side arms snapped. Obviously the real subframe would…
Mock controller subframe v.1
Have started to check the packaging of the system components on the controller subframe. I used 21650 cells for the 12v battery but plan to use 26650 A123 system cells. This will add an extra 20mm width and 5mm depth but it looks like there is enough space to fit them in. 65mm height will…
COVID garage CAD (Cardboard Aided Design)
Finally managed to get the bike all into one place back in the garage after being locked out of the NTDC due to COIVID19. Thought it would be good to check some things that can be seen in 3D models but still leave a bit of doubt with regards to the real thing. After a…
20A/48v Charger
New charger has arrived. 20A 48v with 2sec precharge. I can finally get some dimensions on the fans to design the bottom covers, especially those behind the front wheel. Total height is about 125mm (inc. cooling fans). It is compact, but on the heavy side. need to design a new mounting bracket for it the…
Living with Gravity interview
Have recently been invited to answer an interview for an online magazine called living with gravity. URL is here: http://www.livingwithgravity.com/our-talk-with-shaun-hutchinson A great honour to have the opportunity to write-up some of the details of the project.
v3 Sketch surface update
Surfaces have been update for the xj600e. Using the sketchwork seen in a previous post CAS renders visualise the potential outcomes of using new riser bars instead of the Cafe racer clip-ons and how the change of design direction works in 3D with the current powertrain.
xj600e Part list
The figures on the bike have become interesting. It’s always good to share information on project if only to get comparisons and feedback from others. Parts list below: Parts List: https://tinyurl.com/xj600PartListv1
Electronics Schematics v3
Davis Kuma has made ammendments to his schematic that also include a several new components listed below: – J1772 Active Vehicle Control Board-AVC2– IEC62196 type 2 charging plug/socket– 1200w onboard charger [48v/20A]– Zeva precharge resistor– Indicator relay blinker PDF of the schematics is below:
Dash power-up
Davis took a box of electric parts to start desk mock-up of the powertrain. With minutes the dash was alight and on the go. Looking forward to checking out the set-up.
J1772 Active Vehicle Control Board-AVC2
Have been looking at an ideal solution to connect the charger to Public charging points. Ian Goodman has suggested that EV West in the US have a wee box that essentially does the job that Jim McPherson completed in his youTube video in the last post. There product literature describes the box as a: ‘Small…
Busbar assembly
While at C-ALPS Dr. Curnick contributed some used Busbar assembly parts to reuse on the bike, great stuff to maintain the circular design emphasis of the project. In a previous post various options were discussed as these were proving difficult to acquire. The mythical orange unit came with nickel plated copper busbars and BMS connectors,…
Battery test
Had a good meeting with Dr. Curnick. Dropped off the battery for storage and testing. The facilities for testing at C-ALPS are very impressive. The charge/discharge boxes in the photos can safely test batteries and take the impact of any faults that fire or explosion. The test box run up to 200 amps, the peak…
Electronic schematics
Davis has started the first phase of schematic development with a diagram. Looks good! Just need to make a additions to it; hazard lights, audible warning, etc for road safety and MOT purposes. Lots of guides online. Nice one here: https://fasttrackmotorcycles.co.uk/mot/mot-checks/lights-and-signals/comment-page-10
IEC62196 type 2 charging plug/socket
I have been thinking abut charging ports. To ensure the unit can be used on roads it is probably sensible to pick a port that is used on 32A 7kw UK charge stations. Looking at cars it seems that most use IEC62196 type 2 nowadays (7 pins). The car socket being male and the gun/plug…
Sketches… v2 (out with the old)
More sketches… this time with a mince pie. It’s Christmas! Version 1 of the XJ600e used aesthetic features that would make it acceptable to the traditional rider. However, further research and dialogue with manufactures indicated that the new rapidly moving marketplace for 2020 preferred aesthetics that were more aggressive and ‘gadget-like’.
Luminit LED light diffuser
“Hotspots” and uneven light distribution are common problems with filament, arch, LED, CCFL, fiberoptic and laser light sources. Luminitco’s LED light diffuser films smooth and homogenize sources while providing uniform light in critical applications such as LCD backlights, LED displays, machine vision, automotive lighting and viewing screens. https://www.luminitco.com/products/light-shaping-diffusers Unlike conventional plastic light diffusion panels, Luminit’s patented technology shapes light energy with holographic…
C-ALPS
The project has joined forces with with the Centre of Advanced Low carbon Proportion Systems (C-ALPS) in Coventry University. There they have expertise on electrochemical power sources and battery use in electric vehicles. Conversation have been promising; concerning testing, storage of cells, 2nd life cells model.
Wrong BMS
BMS has arrived from China. They sent a 16s/60v unit when what we need is a 12s/48v according to vendor. Also I believe that the first and second gen leaf batteries have different compositions. – 1st gen: (LMO) Lithium magnesium Oxide. – 2nd gen: (NMC) Lithium Nickel Colbalt Magnesium Oxide We asked the vendor if…
Rough ‘n’ sketchy…
Got bored so I started to sketch on top of the frame. Need to do more… Nice to scratch around in the photo though.
Swingarm brake mods
Have spent a bit of time finishing the rear brake caliper; removing the inside slot brackets and fixing. Also swapped the brake to the right side of the bike to help clear the hydraulic banjo. Still need a new rod, as because I am using the old linked aluminium thin rods. The clevis used was…
Rear brake tension bar
Have started to look at mock positions for tension bars on the rear caliper [pictured]. After some conversations on a pre-diversion forum It seems that the old xj600 didn’t have a bar however this still seems like the best option because of the wider wheel and new caliper. Looking at the plan view of the…
Back in the NTDC
The xj600e has moved back to the NTDC for the final phase of the power train development and installation. I have enjoyed working in the more intimate environment of tha garage workshop but here it is ideally placed for Davis Kuma (electric engineer) to gain access to the bike for loom development, etc. Before the…
Battery and controller stand final fit
Have assembled the finished controller stand and battery box with RP spacers & back box. All is perfect in terms of fitment, nice and tight. However the top back of the box still feels bit unsupported so a Y-bracket needs to be made to give it a bit more support, most probably one that fixes…
BMS position
In CAD the Battery Management System box (66 x 180 x 27.5mm) locates nicely at the front of the battery box. Considering that it needs heat sinks to dissipate heat this could be a good position to gain direct air cooling if the bodywork is managed well. The top of the battery box will need…
Battery Management System
Davis Kuma the new electronic engineer on the project has recommended a Chinese Battery Management system: 16S High Current 200A 48V Li-ion Battery PCB PCM with Balance. Details below: Features: With balance, Same port for charge and discharge, Waterproof Main functions:– Over charge protection – Over discharge protection – Short Circuit protection – Over current…
Back box panel fit
Have just got a high impact polystyrene vac-form test from a milled mold. The panel fits in the box (currently in the fabrication workshop). V2 Battery Backbox Mold: The first test mold had a couple of issues. First, is that the material used was not appropriate, foam melts under heat after a couple of mold…
2nd-life plastic forming
Found an R25 Schredder grinding machine in the university. In previous posts I have discussed the use of 2nd life material, exemplifying 3Devo as a solution process. Another process that might work well is vacuum forming for fast uncomplex parts. I am currently working on the battery box cover. I think it would be good…
Spacer prints
The spacers prints arrived… Quality is okay, not sure how well they will stand up to a bit of bashing during installation and test use. They were eventually made from PC-ABS (PolyCarbonate – Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), Specification: Layer thickness: 150 µm; Filling: 80 %. Apparently this is good for high mechanical stress. Good for fit…
Rear caliper
Found an interesting rear caliper from an overseas supplier. Conversations with the E-Motorbike community have informed me that this caliper would fit the QS motor hub well, and after an evening of fitment I found that the community were correct. Hurrah! The rear swingarm needs some small modification, but i think these will be minimal….
Battery mounting spacers
Have fudged about with different sized washers for the day as well as defacing the queen’s head (1.5mm penny washers) to find out some dimensions that work. Might have CAD but nothing beats really fitting parts to see if they are good. Scribbled down some sketch dimensions (below) and bashed together an STL file. Might…
Display and night light
Have started to mount the rider display and night headlight to the forks to check the fit. The headlight was a doodle. However the digital display required custom adaption to retro fit them to the top triple tree. After trying a couple of brackets and ordering some new dampers and collars for mounting (PN: 584-83541-00…
xj600e: Surface update v4
Have updated the sketch surfaces on the xj600. Tried something different to lighten the body. The front of the lower farings now aligns with the contours of the frame to see how that works out. The bike definitely looks lighter. However on the next iteration I might re-establish the lower air intake to get more…
xj600e: mirrors and ambers
The wee bike has some safety gear now, mirrors and some indicators; some end bar kit. wires from the front are mounting up. Think I need to get some shrink wrap and some water tight grommets for the back end of the bars and to bind the red, white, and black indicator wires. 1 x…
xj600e: Seat hoop
The hoop and stand that will support the new seat/cushion needs to be fabrication ASAP. Drawings have been produced to send to skilled craftsmen.
XJ600e: Ergonomic check
A mock-up of the components in the xj600 package have been fabricated in soft media to complete a quick and dirty assessment of comfort and collision in relaxed and enthusiastic riding positions. Having not experienced the package before today doubt has inevitably been an issue. However, these were unfounded. The a male and female were…
An electrifying life on two wheels... 